Curator of Invertebrate Zoology
2340 Albert Street
REGINA SK S4P 2V7
Ph: 306-787-2850
Email: Cory.Sheffield@gov.sk.ca
ORCID ID | Publons Profile | Google Scholar
Research Interests
Research Projects
Prospective Graduate Students
Peer-reviewed Publications
Research Interests
My research interests are primarily focussed on all aspects of bees, including their diversity and taxonomy, ecology, and conservation with particular focus on the Canadian fauna. There are over 800 species of bees in Canada (200 species and counting in Saskatchewan), and many make important contributions to pollination of native and crop plant species. In addition to taxonomic research, I am interested in the impact that anthropogenic factors have on bee populations in the prairies, bee and pollination conservation, and investigating ways to encourage and manage native bees for pollination.
I am also interested in plant reproductive biology, especially insect pollinated species, and in general biodiversity/ecology studies of insects, spiders, and other arthropods of the prairie and adjacent regions.
Research Projects
Bee Taxonomy and Systematics
I am currently doing taxonomic revisions of the Canadian bee fauna. Currently, this includes the Canadian species of Andrena (Andrenidae), and the Anthophoriini (Anthophora and Habropoda: Apidae). I am also doing a revision and phylogeny of the subgenus Megachiloides (genus Megachile), a group found in southern Canada to northern Mexico. In the future, I hope to continue work on the taxonomy of the Canadian hymenopteran fauna. My research in taxonomy includes integrating morphology and molecular (i.e. DNA barcoding) approaches, including the use of a state of the art digital imaging system to produce web-based interactive keys.
Bee Ecology and Conservation
I am interested in researching the aspects of the life history of bees (and other Hymenoptera) to answer questions like: Where do they nest? What do they require for food? How do they survive winter? What can we do to promote, conserve, and perhaps manage bee species to meet our future pollination needs?
Pollination and Plant Reproduction
As bees are the most important pollinators, I am interested in understanding the details of pollination, including the mechanisms by which it is achieved in natural and crop plants.
Prospective Graduate Students
If you are interested in bees, their conservation, and/or in the important ecological services they provide, and are thinking of pursuing graduate studies in this or related areas, please contact me so we can discuss potential projects and funding options. Although I will continuously be looking for funding opportunities for exciting bee-related projects, students who have secured external funding and/or scholarships would be most welcome. Of course, other ideas for diversity/ecology projects with other insect/arthropod groups are welcome, so please contact me via email, and let me know of your interests, education/experiences and what type of project(s) you are interested in.
Prospective graduate students must meet the requirements of the faculty of Graduate Studies and Research and the Biology Department at the University of Regina.
Peer-reviewed Publications
Scientific Journal Articles
75. Sheffield, C.S., and D. Yanega. 2023. Teratognathini Silveira, the priority family-group name for Ancyloscelidini Engel and Michener (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Eucerinae). Zootaxa [in press].
74. Sheffield C, Palmier KM (2023) Range expansion of Bombus (Pyrobombus) bimaculatus Cresson in Canada (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e104657. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e104657
73. Sheffield, C. (2023) Agapostemon fasciatus Crawford (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), a valid North American bee species ranging into southern Canada. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e103982. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e103982
72. Helmond, E., K. Finlay, C. Sheffield, Mel Hart, and J. Heron. 2023. Ascertaining the life history and thermal preferences and tolerances of the hot spring snail Physella wrighti Te and Clarke (Gastropoda: Physidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0217
71. Gibbs, J., E. Hanuschuk, R. Miller, M. Dubois, M. Martini, S. Robinson, P. Nakagawa, C.S. Sheffield, S. Cardinal, and T. Onuferko. 2023. A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Manitoba, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 155, E3. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2022.45
70. Onuferko, T.M., and C.S. Sheffield. 2022. A new species of Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from western North America. Insecta Mundi 940: 1-12. https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/131328
69. Sheffield, C.S., L. Vilhelmsen, and F. Bakker. 2021. Taxonomy of the New World bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville – new names and synonymies (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 751(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.751.1375
68. Hicks, B., and C. Sheffield. 2021. Native bees (Hymenoptera; Apoidea) collected from Labrador, Canada. Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society 17: 20-24 https://acadianes.org/journal/papers/hicks_17-1.pdf
67. Sheffield, C.S. 2021. Andrena (Melandrena) cyanura Cockerell, a valid North American species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Andrenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 117: 49-59. https://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/2515
66. Stemkovski, M., W.D. Pearse, S.R. Griffin, G.L. Pardee, J. Gibbs, T. Griswold, J.L. Neff, R. Oram, M.G. Rightmyer, C.S. Sheffield, K. Wright, B.D. Inouye, D.W. Inouye, and R.E. Irwin. 2020. Bee phenology is predicted by climatic variation and functional traits. Ecology Letters https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13583
65. Graves, T.A., W.M. Janousek, S.M. Gaulke, A.C. Nicholas, D.A. Keinath, C.M. Bell, S. Cannings, R.G. Hatfield, J.M. Heron, J.B. Koch, H.L. Loffland, L.L. Richardson, A.T. Rohde, J. Rykken, J.P. Strange, L.M. Tronstad, and C.S. Sheffield. 2020. Western bumble bee: declines in the continental United States and range-wide information gaps. Ecosphere 11(6): e03141. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3141
64. Sheffield, C.S. 2020. A new species of Andrena (Trachandrena) from the Southwestern United States (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77: 87-103. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.53704
63. Palmier, K.M., A.D. Tripodi, A.D.S. Cameron, J.P. Strange, and C.S. Sheffield. 2020. First record of Crithidia expoeki (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) from native Canadian bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). Canadian Field-Naturalist 134(1): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i1.2299
62. Kohler, M., A. Sturm, C.S. Sheffield, C.N. Carlyle, and J.S. Manson. 2020. Native bee communities vary across three prairie ecoregions due to land use, climate, sampling method and bee life history traits. Insect Conservation and Diversity https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12427
61. Sheffield, C., J. Heron, and L. Musetti. 2020. Xylocopa sonorina Smith, 1874 from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Xylocopinae) with comments on its taxonomy. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49918. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49918
60. Williams, P.H., M.V. Berezin, S.G. Cannings, B. Cederberg, F. Ødegaard, C. Rasmussen, L.L. Richardson, J. Rykken, C.S. Sheffield, C. Thanoosing, and A.M. Byvaltsev. 2019. The arctic and alpine bumblebees of the subgenus Alpinobombus revised from integrative assessment of species’ gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus). Zootaxa. 4625: 1-68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4625.1.1
59. Sheffield, C.S., and J.M. Heron. 2019 [2018]. The bees of British Columbia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 115: 44-85. https://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/1001/1097
58. Sheffield, C.S., J. R. deWaard, J.C. Morse, and A.K. Rasmussen. 2019. Trichoptera of Canada. ZooKeys 819: 507-520. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.31140
57. Bennett, A.M.R., C.S. Sheffield, and J.R. deWaard. 2019. Hymenoptera of Canada. ZooKeys 819: 311-360. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.28510
56. Langor, D.W., and C.S. Sheffield. 2019. Le biote du Canada: les arthropodes terrestres. ZooKeys 819: 5-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.31830
55. Langor, D.W., and C.S. Sheffield. 2019. The biota of Canada: Terrestrial arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.31621
54. Palmier, K.M., and C.S. Sheffield. 2019. First records of the Common Eastern Bumble Bee, Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae, Bombini) from the Prairies Ecozone in Canada. Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e30953 https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e30953
53. Sheffield, C.S., and J. Heron. 2018. A new western Canadian record of Epeoloides pilosulus (Cresson), with discussion of ecological associations, distribution, and conservation status in Canada. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e22837 https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22837
52. Sheffield, C.S., and J. Heron. 2017. An unusual specimen of Lasioglossum s. str. from British Columbia, Canada (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 114: 87-92. https://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/982
51. Sheffield, C.S. 2017. Diploplectron ferrugineum Ashmead from Canada, with comments on the type locality (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae, Astatinae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 93(3):159–162. https://doi.org/10.3956/2017-93.2.159
50. Sheffield, C.S., J. Heron, J. Gibbs, T.M. Onuferko, R. Oram, L. Best, N. deSilva, S. Dumesh, A. Pindar, and G. Rowe. 2017. Contribution of DNA barcoding to the study of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Canada: progress to date. The Canadian Entomologist 149(6): 736-754. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2017.49
49. Gervais, A., V. Fournier, C.S. Sheffield, and M. Chagnon. 2017. Assessing wild bee biodiversity in cranberry agroenvironments: influence of natural habitats. Journal of Economic Entomology 110(4): 1424-1432. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tox173
48. Sheffield, C.S. 2017. Unusual nesting behavior in Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Melittology 69: 1-6.https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i69.6532
47. Frier, D. C.M. Somers, and C.S. Sheffield. 2016. Floral longevity, nectar production, anther dehiscence, and stigma receptivity in Haskap (Lonicera caerulea). Journal of Pollination Ecology 19(11): 1-7. https://www.pollinationecology.org/index.php?journal=jpe&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=370
46. Williams, P.H., S.G. Cannings, and C.S. Sheffield. 2016. Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Journal of Natural History 50: 2881-2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1214294
45. Heron, J., and C.S. Sheffield. 2016. First Canadian record of the water mite Thermacarus nevadensis Marshall, 1928 (Arachnida: Acariformes: Hydrachnidiae: Thermacaridae) from hot springs in British Columbia. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e9550. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e9550
44. Sheffield, C.S., L. Richardson, S. Cannings, H. Ngo, J. Heron, and P.H. Williams. 2016. Biogeography and designatable units of Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with implications for conservation status assessments. Journal of Insect Conservation 20(2): 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9853-2
43. Frier, D. C.M. Somers, and C.S. Sheffield. 2016. Comparing the performance of native and managed pollinators of Haskap (Lonicera caerulea: Caprifoliaceae), an emerging fruit crop. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 219: 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.011
42. Williams, P.H., A.M. Byvaltsev, B. Cederberg, M.V. Berezin, F. Ødegaard, C. Rasmussen, L.L. Richardson, J. Huang, C.S. Sheffield, and S.T. Williams. 2015. Genes suggest arctic bumblebees combine morphologically cryptic species with ancestral colour polymorphisms that cut across species. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144544
41. Rader, R., I. Bartomeus, L.A. Garibaldi, M.P.D. Garratt, B.G. Howlett, R. Winfree, S.A. Cunningham, M.M. Mayfield, A.D. Arthur, G.K.S. Andersson, R. Bommarco, C. Brittain, L.G. Carvalheiro, N.P. Chacoff, M.H. Entling, B. Foully, B.M. Freitas, B. Gemmill-Herren, J. Ghazoul, S.R. Griffin, C.L. Gross, L. Herbertsson, F. Herzog, J. Hipólito, S. Jaggar, F. Jauker, A. Klein, D. Kleijn, S. Krishnan, C.Q. Lemos, S.A.M. Lindström, Y. Mandelik, V.M. Monteiro, W. Nelson, L. Nilsson, D.E. Pattemore, N.O. Pereirat, G. Pisanty, S.G. Potts, M. Reemer, M. Rundlöf, C.S. Sheffield, J. Scheper, C. Schüepp, H.G. Smith, D.A. Stanley, J.C. Stout, H. Szentgyörgyi, H. Taki, C.H. Vergara, B.F. Viana, and M. Woyciechowskinn. 2015. Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination. PNAS www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1517092112
40. Heron, J., and C.S. Sheffield. 2015. First record of the Lasioglossum (Dialictus) petrellum species group in Canada (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 112: 88-91. https://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/903
39. Sheffield, C.S., M.A. Wilkes, G.C. Cutler, and L. Hermanutz. 2015 [2014]. An artificial nesting substrate for Osmia species that nest under stones, with focus on Osmia inermis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Insect Conservation and Diversity 8: 189-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12095
38. Cutler, G.C., V.O. Nams, P. Craig, J.M. Sproule, and C.S. Sheffield. 2015 [2014]. Wild bee pollinator communities of lowbush blueberry fields: spatial and temporal trends. Basic and Applied Ecology 16: 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2014.11.005
37. Sheffield, C.S. 2014. Pollination, seed set and fruit quality in apple: studies with Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Pollination Ecology 12(13): 120-128. http://www.pollinationecology.org/index.php?journal=jpe&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=229
36. Sheffield, C.S., and. J.-M. Perron. 2014. Annotated catalogue of the bees described by Léon Provancher (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes). The Canadian Entomologist 146(2): 117-169. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.64
35. Sheffield, C.S., and J.A. Genaro. 2013. A new species of Megachile (Litomegachile) from Cuba, the Antilles (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of Melittology 19: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i19.4564
34. Sheffield, C.S. 2013. A new species of Megachile subgenus Megachiloides s.str. (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). ZooKeys 283: 43–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4674
33. Sheffield, C.S., A. Pindar, L. Packer, and P.G. Kevan. 2013. The potential of cleptoparasitic bees as indicator taxa for assessing bee communities. Apidologie 44: 501-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-013-0200-2
32. Stahlhut, J.K., J. Fernández-Triana, S.J. Adamowicz, M. Buck, H. Goulet, P.D.N. Hebert, J.T. Huber, M.T. Merilo, C.S. Sheffield, T. Woodcock, and M.A. Smith. 2013. DNA barcoding reveals diversity of Hymenoptera and the dominance of parasitoids in a sub-Arctic environment. BMC Ecology 13: 2 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/13/2
31. Sheffield, C.S., P.G. Kevan, A. Pindar, and L. Packer. 2013. Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity within apple orchards and old fields habitats in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 145(1): 94-114. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.89
30. Stahlhut, J.K., J. Gibbs, C.S. Sheffield, M.A. Smith, and L. Packer. 2012. Wolbachia infections and bee barcoding: A response to Gerth et al. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(4): 395-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2012.753488
29. Colla, S.R., M. Arduser, J. Ascher, J. Cane, M. Deyrup, S. Droege, J. Gibbs, T. Griswold, G. Hall, J. Neff, R.P. Jean, M. Rightmyer, C. Sheffield, M. Veit, A. Wolf. 2012. Documenting persistence of most eastern North American bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) to 1990-2009. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 85: 14-22. https://doi.org/10.2317/JKES110726.1
28. Williams, P.H., A. Byvaltsev, C.S. Sheffield, and P. Rasmont. 2013 [2012]. Bombus cullumanus – an extinct European bumblebee species? Apidologie 43: 121-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-012-0161-x
27. Dumesh, S., and C.S. Sheffield. 2012. Bees of the genus Dufourea Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Rophitinae) of Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 20: 1-38. https://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/articles/ds-20/
26. Smith, M.A., C. Bertrand, K. Crosby, E.S. Eveleigh, J. Fernandez-Triana, B.L. Fisher, J. Gibbs, M. Hajibabaei, W. Hallwachs, K. Hind, J. Hrcek, Huang, M. Janda, D.H. Janzen, Y. Li, S.E. Miller, L. Packer, D. Quicke, S. Ratnasingham, J. Rodriguez, R. Rougerie, M.R. Shaw, C. Sheffield, J.K. Stahlhut, D. Steinke, J. Whitfield, M. Wood, and X. Zhou. 2012. Wolbachia and DNA barcoding insects: patterns, potential, and problems. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36514. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036514
25. Williams, P.H., M.J.F. Brown, J.C. Carolan, D. Goulson, J. An, A.M. Aytekin, L.R. Best, A.M. Byvaltsev, B. Cederberg, R. Dawson, J. Huang, M. Ito, A. Monfared, R.H. Raina, P. Schmid-Hempel, C.S. Sheffield, P. Šima, and Z. Xie. 2012. Unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus Bombus s. str. world-wide with COI barcodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 10(1): 21-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2012.664574
24. Sheffield, C.S., C. Ratti, L. Packer, and T. Griswold. 2011. Leafcutter and mason bees of the genus Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 18: 1-107. https://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/srpg_18/srpg_18.html
23. Sheffield, C.S., and P.H. Williams. 2011. Discovery of Bombus distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in continental North America. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 142: 53-56. https://www.entsocont.ca/uploads/3/0/2/6/30266933/8_jeso_142_sheffield_and_williams_53_56.pdf
22. Sheffield, C.S., S. Dumesh, and M. Cheryomina. 2011. Hylaeus punctatus (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), a bee species new to Canada with a review of other non-native species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 142: 29-43. https://www.entsocont.ca/uploads/3/0/2/6/30266933/5_jeso_142_sheffield_et_al_29_43.pdf
21. Richards, M.H., A. Rutgers-Kelly, J. Gibbs, J.L. Vickruck, S.M. Rehan, and C. Sheffield. 2011. Bee diversity in naturalizing patches of Carolinian grasslands in southern Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist 143(3): 279-299. https://doi.org/10.4039/n11-010
20. Vickruck, J.L., S.M. Rehan, C.S. Sheffield, and M.H. Richards. 2011. Nesting Biology and barcode analysis of two cryptic species within Ceratina dupla, with comparisons to C. calcarata (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae). The Canadian Entomologist 143(3): 254-262. https://doi.org/10.4039/n11-006
19. Rehan, S.M., and C.S. Sheffield. 2011. Morphological and molecular delineation of a new species in the Ceratina dupla species-group (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of eastern North America. Zootaxa 2873: 35-50. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2873.1.3
18. Droege, S., M.G. Rightmyer, C.S. Sheffield, and S.G. Brady. 2010. New synonymies in the bee genus Nomada from North America (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zootaxa 2661: 1-32. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2661.1.1
17. Sheffield, C.S., M. Richards, and T. Griswold. 2010. Discovery of the Old World bee, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in Ontario, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 141: 85-92. https://www.entsocont.ca/uploads/3/0/2/6/30266933/sheffield_et_al_final.pdf
16. Sheffield C.S., P.D.N. Hebert, P.G. Kevan, and L. Packer. 2009. DNA barcoding a regional bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna and its potential for ecological studies. Molecular Ecology Resources 9 (suppl 1): 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02645.x
15. Packer, L., J. Gibbs, C. Sheffield, and R. Hanner. 2009. DNA Barcoding and the mediocrity of morphology. Molecular Ecology Resources 9 (suppl. 1): 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02631.x
14. Gibbs, J. and C.S. Sheffield. 2009. Rapid range expansion of the Wool-Carder Bee, Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in North America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 82: 21-29. https://doi.org/10.2317/JKES805.27.1
13. Sheffield, C.S., S.M. Westby, P.G. Kevan, and R.F. Smith. 2008. Winter management options for the orchard pollinator Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Nova Scotia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario 139: 3-18.https://www.entsocont.ca/uploads/3/0/2/6/30266933/139_3_18.pdf
12. Sheffield, C.S., S.M. Westby, R.F. Smith, and P.G. Kevan. 2008. Potential of bigleaf lupine for building and sustaining Osmia lignaria populations for pollination of apple. The Canadian Entomologist 140(5): 589-599. https://doi.org/10.4039/n08-011
11. Sheffield, C.S. 2008. Summer bees for spring crops? Potential problems with Megachile rotundata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as a pollinator of lowbush blueberry (Ericaceae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 81: 276-287. https://doi.org/10.2317/JKES-710.23.1
10. Sheffield, C.S., P.G. Kevan, S.M. Westby, and R.F. Smith. 2008. Diversity of cavity-nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) within apple orchards and wild habitats in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 140(2): 235-249. https://doi.org/10.4039/n07-058
9. Packer, L., J.A. Genaro, and C.S. Sheffield. 2007. The bee genera of Eastern Canada. Canadian. Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 3: 1-32. https://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/articles/pgs-03/
8. Sheffield, C.S., and S.M. Westby. 2007. The male of Megachile nivalis Friese, with an updated key to members of the subgenus Megachile s. str. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in North America. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 16: 178-191. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/16120
7. Majka, C.G., T.K. Philips, and C. Sheffield. 2007. Ptinus sexpunctatus Panzer (Coleoptera: Anobiidae, Ptininae) newly recorded in North America. Entomological News 118(1): 73-76.https://doi.org/10.3157/0013-872X(2007)118[73:PSPCAP]2.0.CO;2
6. Majka, C.G., D.S. Chandler, C.S. Sheffield, and R.P. Webster. 2006. New records of Rhipiphoridae (Coleoptera) from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Coleopterists Bulletin 60(4): 299–303. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X(2006)60[299:NRORCF]2.0.CO;2
5. Sheffield, C.S., R.F. Smith, and P.G. Kevan. 2005. Perfect syncarpy in apple (Malus x domestica ‘Summerland McIntosh’) and its implications for pollination, seed distribution and fruit production (Rosaceae: Maloideae). Annals of Botany 95(4): 583-591. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci058
4. Smith, R.F., J.E. Cossentine, S.M. Rigby and C.S. Sheffield. 2004. Species of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in organic apple orchards of British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 101: 49-55. https://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/72
3. Taki, H., J.W. Boone, B.F. Viana, F.O. Silva, P.G. Kevan, and C.S. Sheffield. 2004. Effect of shading on trap nest utilization by hole-nesting aculeate Hymenoptera. The Canadian Entomologist 136(6): 889-891. https://doi.org/10.4039/n04-014
2. Sheffield, C.S., S.M. Rigby, R.F. Smith, and P.G. Kevan. 2004. The rare cleptoparasitic bee Epeoloides pilosula (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae) discovered in Nova Scotia, Canada, with distributional notes. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 77(3): 161-164. https://doi.org/10.2317/0310.23.1
1. Sheffield, C.S., P.G. Kevan, R.F. Smith, S.M. Rigby, and R.E.L. Rogers. 2003. Bee species of Nova Scotia, Canada, with new records and notes on bionomics and floral relations (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 76(2): 357-384. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25086122
Book Editor
1. Langor, D.W., and C.S. Sheffield (Eds). 2019. The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 311–360. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/issue/1251/
Book Chapters
3. Sheffield, C.S. 2020. Encouraging cavity-nesting bees. Pgs 59-67. In FAO. Towards sustainable crop pollination services – Measures at field, farm and landscape scales. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8965en
2. Sheffield, C.S., and H. Ngo. 2020. Measuring diversity in the field. Pgs 1-14 In FAO. Towards sustainable crop pollination services – Measures at field, farm and landscape scales. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8965en
1. Sheffield, C.S., S.D. Frier, and S Dumesh. 2014. The bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes) of the Prairies Ecozone, with comparisons to other grasslands of Canada. Pgs 427-467 In D. J. Giberson and H. A. Cárcamo (Eds.). Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands (Volume 4): Biodiversity and Systematics Part 2. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
Conference Proceedings
3. Packer, L., C.S. Sheffield, J. Gibbs, N. de Silva, L.R. Best, J. Ascher, R. Ayala, D. Martins, S.P.M. Roberts, O. Tadauchi, M. Kuhlmann, P.H. Williams, C. Eardley, S. Droege, & T.V. Levchenko. 2010. The campaign to barcode the bees of the world: progress, problems, prognosis. Pgs. 180-182 In: C.L.Y. Obiols (Ed.). Memorias VI Congreso Mesoamericano sobre Abejas Nativas:. Antigua, Guatemala.
2. Packer, L., J. Gibbs, C. Sheffield, and P. Kevan. 2008. Barcoding the bees of the world. Pgs. 276-282 In: Anais do VIII Encontro sobre Abelhas, Biodiversidade e Uso Sustentado de Abelhas. Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
1. Packer, L., M. Ruggiero, J. Ascher, C. Sheffield, J. Gibbs, C. Eardley, A. Roig Alsina, F. Silveira, C.-D. Zhu, P. Williams, T. Griswold, B. Gemmill-Herren, and L. Collette. 2008. Overcoming the taxonomic impediment to pollinator conservation and use. Pgs. 5-6 In: Global Action on Pollination Services for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy [conference proceedings for the 13th Meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice of the Convention on Biological Diversity].
Manuals
1. Sheffield, C.S., H.T. Ngo, and N. Azzu. 2016. A Manual on Apple Pollination. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 44pp. ISBN 978-92-5-109171-5.
